Your water heater is one of the hardest-working appliances in your home. It’s working hard to deliver hot water to take showers, wash the dishes, and do the laundry for a household. When you think of how much we use hot water, it’s easy to understand why water heating accounts for roughly 13% of annual residential energy use and consumer utility costs in the US.
Eventually even the hardest-working water heater will need to be repaired or replaced. And knowing which symptoms of hot water heater problems you should keep an eye out for can save you from cold showers and help you save money. Here’s what to watch out for and 10 warning signs your water heater is going out.
Don’t have long? Here’s what you need to know:
- Most water heaters last 8 to 12 years. Tankless models can last 20 or more.
- Strange noises, rusty water, and inconsistent temperatures are early warning signs.
- Sediment buildup is behind most water heater problems. Flush your tank every six months.
- Sulfur-smelling hot water means bacteria may be growing in your tank.
- Frequent repairs are a sign replacement is the smarter investment.
- A failing water heater can cause significant water damage if you wait too long to replace it.
How Long Does a Water Heater Last?
It depends on the type of water heater, but the average water heater lifespan is between 8 and 12 years, with tankless systems lasting considerably longer.
If your water heater is over 8 years old, it may be time to start thinking about a replacement. Beyond just its age, how long a water heater will last also depends on:
- The quality of the unit
- If regular maintenance was performed
See our water heater comparison table below for a full breakdown by type.
| Type | Ave. Lifespan | Efficiency | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conventional gas | 8-12 years | Moderate | Natural gas or propane fueled, fast recoveryInsulated tank keeps hot water readyBest for large families with high hot water demand |
| Conventional electric | 12-15 years | Moderate | Ideal for all-electric homes without gas accessEasy to install, widely available, lower upfront costInsulated tank maintains consistent hot water supply |
| Heat pump (hybrid) | 10-15 years | Very high | Transfers heat from air instead of generating itUp to 3x more efficient than standard electric modelsHigher upfront cost, significant long-term savings |
| Tankless | 15-20+ years | High | Heats water on demand via heated coils, no standby wasteSpace-saving wall-mounted designGas models strongly recommended over electric |
Read next: How Long Do Water Heaters Last?
What Causes a Hot Water Heater to Stop Working?
There are other complications that contribute to a water heater’s lifespan.
Sediment buildup, rust and corrosion, loose fittings, and excessively high pressure all contribute to early failure.
Water heaters contain magnesium-style anode rods to prevent rust and corrosion by keeping corrosive elements away from the tank walls. But once the anode rod is depleted, rust starts corroding the metallic components within the heater and the unit can begin to leak.
Continue reading: When to Replace Your Water Heater
Signs of a Bad Water Heater
To keep your hot water heater performing optimally it is a good idea to regularly check the performance of your water heater. Here are some warning signs that your hot water heater is going out:
1. Your Water Heater Makes Strange Noises
Strange noises are one of the earliest signs a hot water heater is going out. These noises include popping, banging, or even rumbling. Hot water heater noises are usually caused by sediment build-up on the bottom of the tank. When this happens, it can cause the unit to overheat and eventually fail.
The Insurance Institute for Business & Home Safety recommends flushing your tank every six months to clear sediment before it causes lasting damage.
2. Decreased or Varying Water Temperature
If you notice that the water temperature from your hot water heater is not as consistent as it used to be, or if the water temperature is noticeably lower than it used to be, this could be a sign that the unit is beginning to fail. Temperature irregularities are something to have checked out as soon as possible, as they can be indicative of a much larger problem.
If your water heater cannot reliably heat to a temperature of 120°F, it can lead to bacteria developing in your water heater.
3. Low Water Pressure
Good water pressure from your cold water faucets but low water pressure from your hot water faucets could be a sign that there’s sediment build-up in your hot water heater. Over time, sediment will build up in the bottom of the tank and can cause a number of problems.
4. Discolored or Rusty Water
If you start to notice that your hot water is yellow, discolored or rusty, it’s a sign that the anode rod in your water heater tank is beginning to fail. The anode rod is responsible for protecting the interior of the tank from corrosion, so if it’s failing, it’s only a matter of time before the tank itself starts to rust.
Here’s a quick test you can do: if cold water runs clear but hot water is discolored, the tank is almost certainly the source. Internal corrosion is irreversible and replacement is the only fix.
5. Running Out of Hot Water Faster
Finding yourself running out of hot water more quickly than usual is often a sign that your water heater is on its last legs. When water heaters start to go bad, they often lose their ability to heat water properly, which can result in shorter showers and less hot water overall.
6. Water Heater Leaks
If you notice your water heater leaking, it’s definitely time for a replacement. Water heaters are designed to be airtight, so any leaking is a sign that something has gone wrong. Leaking water heaters can cause a significant amount of damage to your home so it is important to check the heater and valves regularly for leaks. If your hot water heater is leaking, turn it off immediately and get a professional to look at it.
7. Frequent Repairs
Frequent water heater repairs are a good sign that it may be time to replace it. With each repair, there is the potential for new problems to develop or for old problems to become worse. If you find yourself making frequent hot water heater repairs, it may be more cost-effective in the long run to replace your water heater.
8. Age of Hot Water Heater
As stated above, the average lifespan of a water heater is about 8 to 12 years. If your water heater is approaching or exceeding this age, it may be time for a replacement. If there is any sediment build-up in the tank, it will eventually solidify at the bottom. This causes a number of problems, including decreased efficiency and eventual water heater failure. The good news is that having your water heater regularly maintained will prolong its life.
9. Higher Energy Bills
Sediment buildup in your water heater will reduce energy efficiency as it ages. Sediment in a hot water heater comes from minerals in the water. Over time, these minerals will settle to the bottom of the tank and build up, making it difficult for heat to transfer evenly throughout the tank. This can lead to your water heater not working as efficiently as it once did.
If you notice higher energy bills, this may be a sign that your water heater is not as efficient as it once was. You can extend the life of your water heater by draining it every six months to get rid of the sediment.
10. Water Smells Odd
A sulfur or rotten egg smell coming from your hot water is typically caused by bacteria growing inside the tank. Bacteria thrive in the warm, moist environment of a water heater tank, particularly when the water temperature isn’t hot enough to keep them from growing.
5 Risks of an Older Hot Water Heater
Beyond the inconvenience of lost hot water, an aging unit carries real risks to your home and your family. Here are five worth knowing about.
- Mold growth from leaks: If your water heater is leaking, it’s also at risk for mold growth. Water and moisture are the two key ingredients that mold needs to grow. Mold is a serious health risk and can cause structural damage to your home. If you see signs of a leak, like water on the floor around your water heater or pooled up near the base of your unit, address it immediately to prevent mold from growing.
- Nesting critters: Older units in garages, utility rooms, or outdoor enclosures attract small animals looking to stay warm. Rats and mice can cause all sorts of damage, including chewing on wires and insulation. This not only damages your water heater but also creates a fire hazard. To avoid this, keep the area around your water heater clear and free from debris.
- Electrical faults: As an electrical water heater ages, you may start to notice more power outages and shortages. This is because the heating element in an electric water heater can short circuit as it ages. If this happens, it can trip the breaker or blow a fuse.
- Blocked valves: Older water heaters might have trouble maintaining water pressure because the valves are starting to fail. Over time, sediment and minerals can build up in the valves, causing them to become blocked. This can lead to a loss of water pressure or even a complete loss of hot water.
- Overheating: Sediment forces the burner or heating element to run longer to reach target temperature. That extended run time can push tank temperatures above safe levels, resulting in scalding water at the tap or, in severe cases, fire risk from overheating components.
Should I Replace My Water Heater Before it Goes Bad?
It depends on if you like having regular hot water or not. If there are signs of a failing hot water heater and you wait to replace it until it goes bad, you could be looking at several days before you have hot water again. Recognizing the signs your water heater is going out before failure hits gives you time to plan instead of react.
Preparing before it becomes an emergency will save you money and inconvenience in the long run. It can also keep your home from being damaged. A burst hot water heater could pour 50 gallons or more of water into your home or garage. Also, making a quick decision under pressure can leave you with regrets.
Benefits of a New Hot Water Heater
While hot water heaters are not very complicated there is always newer technology that can save you money. New hot water heaters are more energy efficient which will save money on your energy bill. They also have a longer lifespan and some models come with a warranty of up to 12 years.
Tankless water heaters are also a great option. These water heaters do not have a tank and only heat the water when you need it which gives them a longer life span. They are very energy efficient but can be more expensive than a traditional hot water heater.
If you have any concerns that your water heater may be going bad, it is always best to consult with a professional. They will be able to help diagnose the problem and recommend the best course of action.
Frequently Asked Questions About Water Heater Problems
What are the most common signs a water heater is going out?
The most common signs include strange noises, inconsistent water temperature, rusty or discolored hot water, and visible leaks around the base of the unit.
How long does a hot water heater last?
It depends on the type. Gas water heaters typically last 8 to 12 years, electric models 12 to 15 years, and tankless systems 15 to 20 years or more with proper maintenance.
How can I tell if my hot water heater is going bad?
The clearest signs are running out of hot water faster than usual, low pressure from hot water faucets, water that smells like sulfur, and an older unit that needs frequent repairs.
What are the symptoms of hot water heater problems?
Common symptoms include fluctuating water temperature, unusual sounds, rusty water, visible leaks, and rising energy bills. Catching these early can prevent costly water damage.
How do I know if I need a new water heater?
If your unit is over 10 years old, needs frequent repairs, or cannot consistently heat water to 120°F, it’s probably time for a replacement.
Can an old water heater make you sick?
Yes. An aging water heater that cannot maintain consistent temperatures can allow bacteria like Legionella to grow inside the tank, which poses a real health risk.
Water Heater Inspection and Replacement Services in Portland
There are many factors that go into deciding when to replace your water heater and Jacobs Heating & Air Conditioning experts are here to guide you. We carry a variety of hot water heaters so that your home or business has the best and most efficient water heaters around.
Whether you are in the market for a new water heater or simply have questions about your current one, we’re here to help. We’ve been servicing the Portland area for over 70 years and our experience shows in the quality of our work. Give us a call today!
You can also avoid extra costs and fewer repairs by scheduling a maintenance check for your existing water heating system before issues arise.
